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Causative expressions mean “to make or let someone do something.” In Vietnamese, different words are used depending on whether the action is forced or permitted.
When forcing someone to do something (To make / force)
Example Sentences:
① Khi còn nhỏ, mẹ thường bắt tôi đi ngủ lúc 9 giờ tối.
When I was a child, my mother used to make me go to bed at 9 PM.
② Cô ấy bắt anh ấy đến nhà đón.
She made him come to her house to pick her up.
③ Tổ trưởng bắt chúng tôi đi dọn vệ sinh.
The team leader makes us do the cleaning.
④ Bố bắt tôi đi bằng xe đạp đến trường.
My dad makes me go to school by bicycle.
※Note: This structure carries a very strong tone (similar to “force”). Therefore, do not use [bắt] when the listener is older than you or your superior.
When giving permission to do something (To let / allow)
Example Sentences
⑤ Em hãy cho cháu đi rửa tay.
Please let the child go wash their hands.
⑥ Hôm nay, cô giáo cho anh ấy nghỉ học.
Today, the teacher let him take the day off from school.
⑦ Mẹ đã cho em gái tôi đi làm thêm.
Mom allowed my younger sister to work part-time.
⑧ Chị Lan cho khách hàng đi thăm Hà Nội.
Ms. Lan let the clients go visit Hanoi.
◆ When using the first-person pronoun [Tôi ; I/me] for [Subject ②], the sentence implies “someone did something for me” or “let me…”.
⑨ Chị Lan đã cho tôi xem ảnh gia đình chị ấy.
Ms. Lan let me see her family photos. (Ms. Lan showed me her family photos.)
⑩ Anh Tanaka đã cho tôi biết địa chỉ.
Mr. Tanaka let me know his address.
※When [Subject ①] is omitted, it becomes a request sentence like “Let me…”.
⑪ Cho tôi xem ảnh gia đình chị.
Let me see your family photos. (Please show me…)
⑫ Cho tôi biết địa chỉ của anh.
Let me know your address.
※<Reference> Related material: <Lesson 15 / Bài 15> “Please give me…” / “Please let me…” Cho tôi ~