{"id":4357,"date":"2026-06-10T15:29:24","date_gmt":"2026-06-10T06:29:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.vietcafe-learning.com\/material\/?p=4357"},"modified":"2026-06-10T15:38:26","modified_gmt":"2026-06-10T06:38:26","slug":"grammar51","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/en.vietcafe-learning.com\/material\/grammar51\/","title":{"rendered":"Grammar 51: Expressions of Cause and Result (Advanced)"},"content":{"rendered":"

In Lesson 22<\/a><\/span>, we introduced the basic cause and effect expressions “v\u00ec ~ n\u00ean”. In this lesson, we will introduce more advanced ways to express causes and results. Let’s learn these extended expressions commonly used in daily life!<\/p>\n

\u2460 Words Expressing Cause<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Basic (\u203bUsed in daily conversation and casual speech)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
v\u00ec<\/td>\nbecause \/ since<\/td>\nV\u00ec <\/strong><\/span>tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a, bu\u1ed5i d\u00e3 ngo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ho\u00e3n.
\nBecause it rained, the picnic was postponed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
do<\/td>\ndue to \/ because of<\/td>\nDo<\/strong> <\/span>em \u1ea5y \u1ed1m, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111i h\u1ecdc h\u00f4m nay.
\nDue to being sick, he didn’t go to school today.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
b\u1edfi \/ b\u1edfi v\u00ec<\/td>\nbecause \/ as<\/td>\nB\u1edfi v\u00ec<\/span><\/strong> tr\u1eddi n\u1eafng qu\u00e1, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ra ngo\u00e0i.
\nBecause it was too sunny, we didn’t go out.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
t\u1ea1i \/ t\u1ea1i v\u00ec<\/td>\nbecause of \/ due to
\n(Often for negative reasons)<\/td>\n		T\u1ea1i<\/span><\/strong> tr\u1eddi t\u1ed1i s\u1edbm, cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 s\u1edbm.
\nBecause it got dark early, we went home early.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Advanced Expressions <\/span>(\u203bUsed in writing and formal conversation)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
l\u00e0 do<\/td>\nthe cause is \/ is due to<\/td>\nS\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 l\u00e0 do<\/span><\/strong> t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.
\nThe delay was due to a traffic jam.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \/
\nch\u00ednh b\u1edfi<\/td>\n		precisely because<\/td>\nCh\u00ednh v\u00ec<\/strong><\/span> thi\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng tin n\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ecb tr\u1ec5.
\nPrecisely because of the lack of information, the project was delayed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb \/ xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb<\/td>\noriginates from \/ stems from<\/td>\nT\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb<\/strong><\/span> r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i sinh ho\u1ea1t.
\nThe pollution situation originates from domestic waste.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
nh\u1edd \/ nh\u1edd v\u00e0o \/ nh\u1edd c\u00f3\u2026<\/td>\nthanks to \/ owing to<\/td>\nNh\u1edd c\u00f3<\/strong><\/span> s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1edbm h\u01a1n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn.
\nThanks to the help, the work was completed earlier than expected.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u2461 Words Expressing Result<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Basic (\u203bUsed in daily conversation and casual speech)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
n\u00ean \/ cho n\u00ean<\/td>\nso \/ therefore<\/td>\nTr\u1eddi m\u01b0a cho n\u00ean<\/span><\/strong> bu\u1ed5i d\u00e3 ngo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ho\u00e3n.
\nIt rained, so the picnic was postponed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
v\u00ec v\u1eady \/ v\u00ec th\u1ebf<\/td>\ntherefore \/ as a result<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4ng, v\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span><\/strong> t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn mu\u1ed9n.
\nThe traffic was heavy, therefore I arrived late.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
do \u0111\u00f3 \/ k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0<\/td>\nconsequently \/ as a result<\/td>\nC\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u, do \u0111\u00f3<\/strong><\/span> t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tham gia l\u1ec5 c\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.
\nThere was a lot of work, consequently I couldn’t attend your wedding.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
m\u00e0<\/td>\nso \/ that (connects cause to effect)<\/td>\nDo tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a m\u00e0<\/strong><\/span> bu\u1ed5i picnic b\u1ecb ho\u00e3n.
\nBecause it rained, the picnic was postponed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Advanced Expressions <\/span>(\u203bUsed in writing and formal conversation)<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \/ d\u1eabn t\u1edbi<\/td>\nleads to \/ results in<\/td>\nThi\u1ebfu kinh nghi\u1ec7m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span><\/strong> sai s\u00f3t trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.
\nLack of experience leads to mistakes at work.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mang l\u1ea1i<\/td>\nbrings about \/ yields<\/td>\nS\u1ef1 ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 mang l\u1ea1i<\/span> <\/strong>k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t.
\nHard work brings about good results.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
t\u1ea1o ra \/ t\u1ea1o n\u00ean<\/td>\n\n

creates \/ makes
\n(\u203bPositive connotation)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o ra<\/strong><\/span> nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p.
\nThe new policy creates many opportunities for businesses.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
l\u00e0m cho \/ khi\u1ebfn<\/td>\nmakes \/ causes
\n(\u203bOften negative connotation)<\/td>\n		Sai s\u00f3t trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u khi\u1ebfn<\/span><\/strong> b\u00e1o c\u00e1o b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm.
\nErrors in the data caused the report to be delayed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u2462 Summary<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

In Vietnamese, there are no strictly fixed rules regarding the combinations of “cause and effect” words. The choice and combination of words depend on the following factors:<\/p>\n

Content to Emphasize \/ Degree of Emphasis<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
    \n
  • If you want to emphasize the cause, the word indicating the cause is usually placed first. Conversely, if you want to emphasize the result, the word indicating the result might be placed first.<\/li>\n
  • The degree of emphasis can be flexibly adjusted using expressions like ch\u00ednh v\u00ec, ch\u00ednh b\u1edfi, l\u00e0 do\u2026<\/strong> or d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn, l\u00e0m cho, khi\u1ebfn\u2026<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Context<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
      \n
    • In spoken language, light and flexible expressions like v\u00ec, n\u00ean, cho n\u00ean, v\u00ec v\u1eady\u2026<\/strong> are often used.<\/li>\n
    • In written language and formal documents, words like do, b\u1edfi v\u00ec, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi, g\u00e2y ra, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0\u2026<\/strong> are preferred.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Flexible Combinations<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
        \n
      • You can combine both cause and result words in one sentence.<\/li>\n
      • It is possible to use only the cause word. (*1)<\/li>\n
      • It is also possible to use only the result word.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u203bLet’s look at some examples of these flexible combinations:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

        Meaning: Thanks to everyone’s help, the work was completed quickly.
        \n<\/em>Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 <\/span><\/strong>s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 <\/span><\/strong>c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhanh.
        \nNh\u1edd c\u00f3 <\/span><\/strong>s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m cho<\/b><\/span> c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhanh.
        \nDo c\u00f3<\/span><\/strong> s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 <\/span><\/strong>c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhanh.
        \nDo c\u00f3<\/span><\/strong> s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho n\u00ean<\/span><\/strong> c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhanh.
        \nNh\u1edd v\u00e0o <\/span><\/strong>s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean <\/span><\/strong>c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhanh.
        \nNh\u1edd<\/b><\/span> s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 <\/span><\/strong>c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhanh.
        \nNh\u1edd<\/span> <\/strong>s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi,<\/span> c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhanh. (*1)<\/p>\n\n\n

        \n