{"id":4345,"date":"2026-04-20T19:56:47","date_gmt":"2026-04-20T10:56:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.vietcafe-learning.com\/material\/?p=4345"},"modified":"2026-04-20T19:56:47","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T10:56:47","slug":"grammar46","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/en.vietcafe-learning.com\/material\/grammar46\/","title":{"rendered":"Grammar 46: Usage of “M\u1edbi”"},"content":{"rendered":"

In Vietnamese, the word “m\u1edbi” changes its meaning and role depending on the context and its position in a sentence. In this lesson, we will introduce the three main usages of “m\u1edbi”.<\/p>\n

Usage \u2460 The Adjective “m\u1edbi” = New<\/span><\/h2>\n

Example Sentences<\/h3>\n
\u2460 Nh\u00ecn k\u00eca! Anh \u1ea5y \u0111ang m\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o m\u1edbi<\/span>.
\nLook! He is wearing a new shirt.<\/p>\n

\u2461 C\u00f4ng ty t\u00f4i v\u1eeba m\u1edbi tuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1edbi<\/span>.
\nMy company just hired a new employee.<\/p>\n

\u2462 Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi<\/span> n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2023.
\nThis new regulation will take effect from October 1, 2023.<\/p>\n

\u2463 Em \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00ec cho n\u0103m m\u1edbi<\/span> ch\u01b0a?
\nDo you have any plans for the new year yet?<\/div>\n

Usage \u2461 The Auxiliary Verb “m\u1edbi” = Only then \/ Not until<\/span><\/h2>\n
Condition\u3000+\u3000m\u1edbi\u3000<\/span><\/span>+\u3000Result<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\n

This structure implies that the following result cannot be achieved unless the preceding condition is met. In English, it is often translated as “not until…” or “…before one can…”.<\/p>\n

Example Sentences<\/h3>\n
\n

\u2460 Ch\u1ecb Mira ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m xong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0.
\nMs. Mira has to finish that work before she can go home. (Only after finishing that work can she go home).<\/p>\n

\u2461 B\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u00f4n thi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00ean t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn s\u00e1ng m\u1edbi<\/span> ng\u1ee7.
\nBecause I have to study for the university entrance exam, I have to study until morning before I can sleep. (I don’t sleep until morning).<\/p>\n

\u2462 Anh t\u00f4i \u0111i l\u00e0m xa nh\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ebft m\u1edbi<\/span> v\u1ec1 th\u0103m nh\u00e0.
\nMy brother works far from home, so he doesn’t visit home until Tet (Lunar New Year).<\/p>\n

\u2463 \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc 3 n\u0103m anh m\u1edbi<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n l\u01b0u lo\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.
\nYou have to study for at least 3 years before you can speak fluently.<\/p>\n

\u2464 C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y d\u00f9 kh\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng th\u1eed l\u00e0m m\u1edbi<\/span> bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.
\nAlthough this job is difficult, you won’t know until you try it.<\/p>\n

\u2465 Ph\u1ea3i cho th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u \u1edbt v\u00e0o m\u00f3n \u0103n th\u00ec c\u00f4 \u1ea5y m\u1edbi<\/span> c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y v\u1eeba mi\u1ec7ng.
\nYou have to put a lot of chili in the dish for it to suit her taste. (Only if you put a lot of chili…)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Usage \u2462 The Tense Marker “v\u1eeba m\u1edbi” \/ “m\u1edbi” = Just \/ Have just done<\/span><\/h2>\n

“v\u1eeba m\u1edbi” is a tense marker for the near past, as introduced in Lesson 12<\/a>. It indicates an action that has just happened or happened very recently. In daily conversation, it is often shortened to just “m\u1edbi”.<\/p>\n

Example Sentences<\/h3>\n
\u2460 Em m\u1edbi<\/span> mua \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea5y.
\nI just bought this phone.<\/p>\n

\u2461 B\u1ea1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i m\u1edbi<\/span> k\u1ebft h\u00f4n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n n\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111ang \u0111i tu\u1ea7n tr\u0103ng m\u1eadt.
\nMy best friend just got married a week ago, so they are probably on their honeymoon now.<\/p>\n

\u2462 H\u1eb1ng m\u1edbi<\/span> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 marketing th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu kinh nghi\u1ec7m.
\nHang just started her marketing job last month, so she still lacks experience.<\/p>\n

\u2463 Thu\uff1aEm m\u1edbi<\/span> g\u1eb7p anh Minh \u1edf c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1nh g\u1ea7n nh\u00e0.
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0I just met Mr. Minh at the bakery near my house.
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 My \uff1aV\u1eady \u00e0. L\u00e2u l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i ch\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p anh Minh.
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Oh really? I haven’t seen Mr. Minh in a long time.<\/div>\n\n\n

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