{"id":4328,"date":"2026-04-20T19:45:46","date_gmt":"2026-04-20T10:45:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.vietcafe-learning.com\/material\/?p=4328"},"modified":"2026-04-20T19:45:46","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T10:45:46","slug":"grammar39","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/en.vietcafe-learning.com\/material\/grammar39\/","title":{"rendered":"Grammar 39: Expressions of methods, tools, or materials"},"content":{"rendered":"

In this lesson, we will learn how to express “at\/in” (location) and “by\/with\/of” (methods, tools, or materials) in Vietnamese.<\/p>\n

1. [ at \/ in + Location ] = [ \u1edf + Location ]<\/span><\/h2>\n

To express [doing something at a certain place], we use the preposition \u1edf<\/strong>. The question word for asking about location is (\u1edf) \u0111\u00e2u<\/strong> (where).<\/p>\n

\u3000\u25c6Question:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Subject\u3000<\/strong>+\u3000Verb\u3000<\/strong>+\u3000\u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n

\u3000\u25c6Answer (Affirmative):<\/strong><\/p>\n

Subject\u3000<\/strong>+\u3000Verb\u3000<\/strong>+\u3000\u1edf\u3000<\/span><\/strong>+<\/span>\u3000Location<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n

Example Sentences<\/h3>\n
\n

\u2460 Em h\u1ecdc b\u00e0i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u<\/span>?\u3000
\n\u3000 Where do you study?<\/p>\n

\u2192 Em h\u1ecdc b\u00e0i \u1edf<\/span> th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n.
\n\u3000 I study at the library.<\/p>\n

\u2461 Anh l\u00e0m th\u00eam \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u<\/span> ?
\n\u3000 Where do you work part-time?<\/p>\n

\u2192T\u00f4i l\u00e0m th\u00eam \u1edf<\/span> qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea.
\n\u3000 I work part-time at a coffee shop.<\/p>\n

\u2462 Ch\u1ecb Mai g\u1eb7p b\u1ea1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u<\/span> ?\u3000
\n\u3000Where does Ms. Mai meet her friends?<\/p>\n

\u2192 C\u00f4 \u1ea5y g\u1eb7p b\u1ea1n \u1edf<\/span> \u0111\u00e2y.
\n\u3000 She meets her friends here.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

2. [ by \/ with \/ of + Method \/ Material \/ Tool \/ Means ] = [ b\u1eb1ng + … ]<\/span><\/h2>\n

B\u1eb1ng<\/strong> is used to indicate the [method, material, tool, or means] by which an action is performed, equivalent to “by”, “with”, or “made of\/from” in English. The question word for asking “by what” or “how” is b\u1eb1ng g\u00ec<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u25c6Question:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Subject\u3000<\/strong>+\u3000Verb Phrase\u3000<\/strong>+\u3000b\u1eb1ng g\u00ec?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n

\u25c6Answer (Affirmative):<\/strong><\/p>\n

Subject\u3000<\/strong>+\u00a0 \u00a0Verb Phrase\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>+\u00a0 b\u1eb1ng\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>+\u00a0 Method \/ Material \/ Tool \/ Means<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n

Example Sentences<\/h3>\n
a) Method<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Ch\u1ecb Lan h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Anh giao ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng<\/span> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p shadowing.
\nMs. Lan studies English conversation by the shadowing method.<\/p>\n

– Ch\u1ecb Yuki li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf Nh\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng<\/span> \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i.
\nMs. Yuki contacts her family in Japan by phone.<\/p>\n

b) Means\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Anh Minh \u0111i l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng<\/span> \u00f4 t\u00f4.
\nMr. Minh goes to work by car.<\/p>\n

– Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0103n c\u01a1m b\u1eb1ng<\/span> tay.
\nIndian people eat meals with their hands.<\/p>\n

c) Tools\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Anh T\u00e2n chi\u00ean th\u1ecbt b\u1eb1ng<\/span> ch\u1ea3o.
\nMr. Tan fries meat with a frying pan.<\/p>\n

– Ch\u1ecb Mai vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng<\/span> b\u00fat ch\u00ec.
\nMs. Mai writes a letter with a pencil.<\/p>\n

d) Materials<\/strong><\/p>\n

– C\u00e1i t\u00fai n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng<\/span> da.
\nThis bag is made of leather.<\/p>\n

– R\u01b0\u1ee3u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng<\/span> g\u1ea1o n\u1ebfp.
\nThis alcohol is made from glutinous rice.\u00a0<\/p>\n

* Note: In the sentence “This alcohol is made from glutinous rice”, [b\u1eb1ng] means “made of” or “made from”.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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